Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the skin through a break or crack, leading to inflammation and infection. Cellulitis can occur anywhere on the body but is most common in the lower legs. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and types is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms:

1. Redness and Swelling: The affected area becomes red, swollen, and may feel warm to the touch.
2. Pain and Tenderness: Pain or tenderness often accompanies cellulitis, especially with pressure on the affected area.

3. Skin Changes: The skin may develop a glossy appearance and may be stretched, with a possible peau d’orange texture.
4. Fever and Chills: Systemic symptoms such as fever and chills may occur, indicating a more severe infection.
5. Blisters or Pus Formation: In some cases, blisters or areas of pus may develop, indicating the presence of bacterial infection.

Causes:

1. Bacterial Infection: The most common cause of cellulitis is infection with bacteria, primarily Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species.
2. Skin Breaks or Cuts: Bacteria enter the skin through cuts, wounds, insect bites, or other breaks in the skin’s protective barrier.
3. Pre-existing Skin Conditions: Skin conditions like eczema or dermatitis, which compromise the integrity of the skin, can increase the risk of cellulitis.
4. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, due to conditions such as diabetes or HIV, are more susceptible to infections.
5. Lymphedema: Impaired lymphatic drainage, as seen in conditions like lymphedema, can predispose individuals to cellulitis.

Types:

1. Facial Cellulitis: Infection occurring on the face, particularly around the eyes and cheeks.
2. Periorbital Cellulitis: Involving the tissues around the eye, often affecting children.
3. Hand Cellulitis: Affecting the hands and fingers, often associated with finger injuries or hangnails.
4. Perianal Cellulitis: Occurring in the anal region, sometimes associated with conditions like perianal abscess.
5. Lower Leg Cellulitis: The most common type, often affecting the lower legs, particularly in individuals with venous insufficiency or edema.