Contact dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by inflammation of the skin due to direct contact with a substance that triggers an allergic or irritant reaction. This can result in a range of symptoms, from redness and itching to blistering and swelling. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and types of contact dermatitis is essential for effective management and prevention.

Symptoms:

1. Red Rash: The skin affected by contact dermatitis typically develops a red rash.
2. Itching: Itching is a common symptom and can range from mild to severe.
3. Blistering: In some cases, the affected skin may develop blisters filled with fluid.
4. Swelling: Swelling of the skin may occur, contributing to discomfort.
5. Dry, Cracked Skin: Prolonged irritation can lead to dryness and cracking of the skin.
6. Burning Sensation: Some individuals may experience a burning or stinging sensation.
7. Oozing or Weeping: Severe cases may involve oozing or weeping of fluid from the affected skin.

Causes:

1. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: This type occurs when the skin comes into contact with a substance to which the individual is allergic. Common allergens include certain metals (e.g., nickel), fragrances, preservatives, or plants like poison ivy.
2. Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Caused by direct irritation of the skin, irritant contact dermatitis can result from exposure to harsh chemicals, detergents, acids, or prolonged contact with water.
3. Occupational Exposures: Certain professions, such as healthcare, cleaning, or hairdressing, may involve repeated exposure to irritants or allergens, increasing the risk of contact dermatitis.
4. Personal Care Products: Ingredients in cosmetics, lotions, or skincare products can trigger allergic reactions.
5. Medications: Certain topical medications or antibiotics applied to the skin may lead to contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.

Types:

1. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Triggered by an immune response to an allergen, allergic contact dermatitis often develops 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Common allergens include metals, fragrances, latex, and certain plants.
2. Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Caused by direct irritation of the skin, irritant contact dermatitis can result from exposure to acids, alkalis, detergents, or other harsh substances. Symptoms can develop rapidly after exposure.
3. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Individuals in specific professions may be at higher risk due to regular exposure to irritants or allergens in the workplace.
4. Photocontact Dermatitis: This type involves a reaction triggered by exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) after contact with certain substances, including some medications or plant compounds.