Children can be affected by a wide range of diseases and conditions, each with its own set of symptoms, causes, and types. To provide relevant information, I’ll briefly discuss a common childhood ailment: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD).

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD):

Symptoms:

1. Fever: HFMD often begins with a fever, which may be accompanied by general discomfort.

2. Sore Throat: Children with HFMD may experience a sore throat, making it uncomfortable to swallow.

3. Mouth Sores: Painful sores or ulcers may develop inside the mouth, on the tongue, gums, and inside the cheeks.

4. Skin Rash: A characteristic rash may appear on the hands, feet, and sometimes the buttocks. It can present as red spots or small blisters.

5. Loss of Appetite: Due to the discomfort caused by mouth sores, children with HFMD may refuse to eat or drink.

6. Irritability: Young children may become irritable and fussy, especially if they are experiencing pain or discomfort.

Causes:

1. Viral Infection: HFMD is primarily caused by enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A16. Enteroviruses are highly contagious and spread through contact with respiratory droplets, saliva, feces, or fluid from blisters.

2. Close Contact: The virus spreads easily in places where young children are in close contact, 

such as daycares and schools.

3. Contaminated Surfaces: Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus can contribute to its spread.

Types:

1. Classic HFMD: The typical presentation with fever, sore throat, mouth sores, and skin rash on hands, feet, and sometimes the buttocks.

2. Atypical HFMD: Some cases may have variations in symptoms, and in rare instances, adults can also be affected.

It’s important to note that “children’s diseases” cover a wide range, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and genetic disorders. The symptoms, causes, and types vary widely, so specific details would be needed to provide more accurate information. If you have a particular childhood condition in mind, feel free to specify for more detailed information.