Fibroadenoma is a common benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor that primarily affects women. These tumors are composed of both glandular and connective tissue and typically present as well-defined, smooth, and rubbery lumps in the breast. While fibroadenomas are generally harmless, they can cause discomfort or anxiety and may be surgically removed in some cases.

Symptoms:

1. Breast Lump: The most common symptom of fibroadenoma is the presence of a painless, easily movable lump in the breast. These lumps are usually round or oval-shaped.
2. Change in Size: Fibroadenomas may change in size over time, often becoming more noticeable during the menstrual cycle when hormonal changes occur.
3. Breast Pain or Tenderness: Some individuals may experience tenderness or discomfort in the breast, especially if the fibroadenoma is large.

Causes:

1. Hormonal Influence: Hormonal changes, particularly those associated with the menstrual cycle, may contribute to the development and growth of fibroadenomas. They are more common in women of reproductive age.
2. Estrogen Sensitivity: Fibroadenomas often contain estrogen receptors, suggesting a sensitivity to estrogen levels in the body.
3. Genetic Factors: There may be a genetic predisposition to developing fibroadenomas, as they can run in families.

Types:

1. Simple Fibroadenoma: This is the most common type and is characterized by a well-defined lump without complex features. It is usually not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
2. Complex Fibroadenoma: This type may have features that raise concerns, such as increased cellularity or the presence of cysts. While still benign, complex fibroadenomas may be monitored more closely.
3. Giant Fibroadenoma: These are larger fibroadenomas that can grow to a size greater than 5 centimeters. While benign, they may be surgically removed if they cause discomfort or distort the breast shape.

It’s important for individuals to seek medical evaluation if they notice any changes in their breast tissue. While fibroadenomas are typically benign, a healthcare provider can perform the necessary examinations and tests to determine the nature of the breast lump and recommend appropriate management. Regular breast self-exams and mammograms are also essential for overall breast health.