Cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical osteoarthritis or neck arthritis, is a degenerative condition affecting the cervical spine, particularly the discs and joints. It is a common age-related condition that develops due to wear and tear on the cervical vertebrae over time. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and types of cervical spondylosis is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Symptoms:

1. Neck Pain: Persistent pain in the neck is a common symptom, often aggravated by movement.
2. Stiffness: Reduced flexibility and stiffness in the neck may occur, making it difficult to turn the head.
3. Headaches: Cervical spondylosis can contribute to tension headaches, especially at the base of the skull.
4. Radiating Pain: Pain may radiate into the shoulders and arms, sometimes reaching the hands.
5. Numbness and Tingling: Compression of nerves can lead to numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation in the arms and hands.
6. Weakness: Muscle weakness in the arms or hands may develop, affecting grip strength.

Causes:

1. Age: Cervical spondylosis is primarily an age-related condition, with wear and tear on the spine occurring over time. 

2. Degeneration of Intervertebral Discs: Discs between the vertebrae lose water content and elasticity, reducing their ability to cushion the spinal joints.
3. Bone Spurs (Osteophytes): Overgrowth of bone, known as bone spurs, can develop on the vertebrae’s edges, contributing to joint stiffness and nerve compression.
4. Herniated Discs: Discs may bulge or herniate, pressing on nerves and causing symptoms.
5. Dehydrated Discs: Loss of fluid within the discs can decrease their shock-absorbing capabilities.
6. Genetic Factors: Certain individuals may be predisposed to developing cervical spondylosis due to genetic factors.
7. Occupational Factors: Jobs or activities that involve repetitive neck movement or strain may increase the risk.

Types:

1. Cervical Osteoarthritis: The general term for degenerative changes in the cervical spine involving joints and discs.
2. Cervical Disc Herniation: Discs between vertebrae herniate, pressing on spinal nerves and causing symptoms.
3. Cervical Radiculopathy: Compression or irritation of spinal nerve roots leads to pain, numbness, or weakness along the nerve pathway.
4. Cervical Myelopathy: Compression of the spinal cord in the neck, resulting in symptoms such as difficulty walking, hand clumsiness, and balance issues.
5. Facet Joint Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of the facet joints in the cervical spine, causing pain and stiffness.