PCOS/PCOD and Related Women’s Disorders

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD) are common hormonal conditions affecting women, typically during reproductive years. Both cause an imbalance in reproductive hormones, affecting ovarian function and leading to various symptoms.

Symptoms:
Common symptoms include irregular or absent periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, and difficulties with fertility. High androgen (male hormone) levels can lead to acne, excessive facial or body hair, and hair thinning or male-pattern baldness. Many women with PCOS/PCOD experience weight gain, dark patches of skin, skin tags, and even anxiety or depression due to hormonal fluctuations.

Causes:
The precise cause of PCOS/PCOD remains unclear, but genetics and lifestyle are influential. Insulin resistance—when the body doesn’t use insulin effectively—is common in these conditions, leading to higher blood sugar and potentially increased androgen production by the ovaries, which worsens symptoms. Chronic inflammation is also thought to contribute, as it may increase androgen levels and interfere with hormone regulation.

Types:
PCOS and PCOD can be classified into four main types:
1. Insulin-resistant PCOS – Associated with high insulin levels and is the most prevalent form.
2. Post-pill PCOS – Symptoms appear or worsen after stopping hormonal birth control.
3. Inflammatory PCOS – Driven by chronic inflammation, linked to stress and lifestyle factors.
4. Adrenal PCOS – Caused by excess stress hormones rather than ovarian dysfunction, leading to increased androgens from adrenal glands.

Conclusion:
Management of PCOS and PCOD involves lifestyle adjustments like a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction. Addressing insulin resistance and inflammation is crucial, and treatment plans may include medications to manage symptoms. Early intervention is important to mitigate long-term health risks and improve quality of life.